# Send emails with Python

> Install the Python SDK from GitHub and call emails.send.

## What you'll build

A Python script that sends a receipt email with the `postshiba` client and prints the queued message.

## Before you start

- An API key with **Send only** access. **Full access** also works. See [Create an API key](/docs/create-an-api-key). Support keys cannot send.
- A verified sending domain. See [Add and verify a domain](/docs/add-a-domain). `from` must be an address on it.
- A cluster that is ready to send (`sending_ready` is `true`). See [Clusters](/docs/dashboard/clusters/introduction).
- Python 3.8 or later.

## Install

The package is on GitHub, not PyPI.

```sh install.sh
pip install git+https://github.com/postshiba/postshiba-python.git
```

## Send your first email

Pass your API key to `PostShiba`, then call `emails.send` with a dict. `team_id` is only needed for team-scoped calls such as listing clusters, which need a **Full access** key kept out of your deployed app. It is on the **API keys** page.

```python send.py
from postshiba import PostShiba

client = PostShiba("YOUR_API_KEY", team_id="KjkAJW")

sent = client.emails.send({
    "from": "hello@mail.example.com",
    "to": ["you@example.com"],
    "reply_to": "support@example.com",
    "subject": "Your receipt",
    "text": "Thanks for your order.",
    "html": "<p>Thanks for your order.</p>",
    "unique_args": {"order_id": "ord_123"},
})
print(sent)
```

`emails.send` returns the JSON body of the `201` response as a dict. The message then shows under Events in the dashboard.

```json response.json
{
  "queued": true,
  "message_id": "abc@capsule.test",
  "from": "hello@mail.example.com",
  "to": ["you@example.com"],
  "subject": "Your receipt",
  "unique_args": {"order_id": "ord_123"}
}
```

### Pin a cluster

Without a pin, PostShiba uses your first cluster that is ready to send. Pass `cluster_id` to choose one.

```python pin.py
client.emails.send(message, cluster_id="NmQpXr")
```

## Attachments and templates

### Attach a file

Add `attachments` with `filename`, `content_type`, and base64 `content`. Up to 10 files, 18 MB in total. See [Attachments](/docs/dashboard/emails/attachments) for allowed types.

```python attachment.py
import base64

with open("invoice.pdf", "rb") as f:
    content = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode()

client.emails.send({
    "from": "hello@mail.example.com",
    "to": ["you@example.com"],
    "subject": "Your invoice",
    "text": "Your invoice is attached.",
    "attachments": [
        {"filename": "invoice.pdf", "content_type": "application/pdf", "content": content},
    ],
})
```

### Send a published template

Pass `template` with the alias or public id and its `variables`. Leave out `html` and `text`.

```python template.py
client.emails.send({
    "from": "hello@mail.example.com",
    "to": ["you@example.com"],
    "template": {"id": "welcome", "variables": {"name": "Ada"}},
})
```

## Keep the key safe

Use a **Send only** key in your app. It can send email and call `GET /api/v1/users/me`. Every other request returns `403` `forbidden`.

| If this key leaks | Send only | Full access |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Send mail from your verified domains | Yes | Yes |
| Read events, recipients, templates, and sent messages | No | Yes |
| See SMTP passwords and webhook secrets | No | Yes |
| Change clusters, domains, credentials, webhooks, and suppressions | No | Yes |

- Keep Full access keys for setup scripts, the [CLI](/docs/send-with-cli), and [MCP](/docs/connect-mcp). Don't deploy one with your app.
- Read the key from an environment variable, such as `PostShiba(os.environ["POSTSHIBA_API_KEY"])`. Don't commit it, log it, or put it in a URL.
- Send from your server. Never put a key, even a Send only key, in browser or mobile code.
- Create one key per app and environment. If a key leaks, delete it on **API keys** and create a new one. Deleting stops it straight away.

## Troubleshooting

A response outside 2xx raises `postshiba.Error` with `error`, `field`, and `message`.

```python errors.py
from postshiba import Error

try:
    client.emails.send(message)
except Error as err:
    print(err.error, err.field, err.message)
    raise
```

| Status | `error` | What to do |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `401` | `Invalid token or no user signed in` | The API key is missing, mistyped, or deleted. Copy it again from **API keys**. |
| `403` | `forbidden` | Support keys cannot send. Use a Send only or Full access key. A Send only key gets this on any call other than sending. |
| `403` | `domain_unverified` | `from` is not on a verified domain. |
| `403` | `kyc_required` | Your team is pending production approval. Until then, send only to team members, live inbox addresses, and inbox forward-to addresses. |
| `422` | `invalid` | `field` names the problem, such as a missing `to`, an unpublished template, or a rejected attachment. |
| `429` | `throttled` | The cluster hit its hourly throttle or 24-hour cap. The client does not retry, and retrying right away hits the same cap. See [What happens at your cap](/docs/dashboard/clusters/what-happens-at-your-cap). |
| `429` | `rate_limited` | More than 300 send requests in one minute on one API key. Slow down. |

Every other status is on [Errors](/docs/api-reference/errors).

## Next steps

- [Send emails with Django](/docs/send-with-django) to use `django.core.mail`.
- [Unique args](/docs/dashboard/emails/unique-args) to get your own ids back on delivery webhooks.
- [Managing webhooks](/docs/webhooks/introduction) to receive delivery events.
- [SDKs](/docs/sdks) for every language client.